Graining – The grain, similar to human fingerprints, is unique to each individual hide. It is the hallmark of full grain leather hides and can vary from hide to hide or even within one particular hide.
Branding Marks – Brand marks, or fire brands, are used as identification marks and are part of virtually every hide.
Stretch Marks – Stretch marks occur as a result of giving birth and become a permanent marking on the cow.
Fat Wrinkles – Wrinkles occur naturally in the loose skin around the neck and belly of all cows. The skin must be loose to allow the needed flexibility for grazing and overall growth.
Backbone – Natural furrows appear along the backbone of all hides due to the animal’s physiology.